Vinurudha Arts & Civil Services Coaching

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History of VINURUDHA

- November 10, 2025

History of VINURUDHA The VINURUDHA Institute , informally known as the Vinurudha Family , is an academic and educational organization based in Patna, Bihar, India . It was founded in 2013 by Mrs. Kiran Devi , along with the core committee members of the Vinurudha Family . The institute was established with a vision to provide real, practical education that helps human beings lead meaningful lives in society. Its core mission is to build discipline, awareness, and empowerment among students — enabling them not only to succeed in their career and health but also to become job creators instead of job seekers, thereby contributing to a healthy and corruption-free society in Bihar and across India. Academic Structure The academic system of VINURUDHA is divided into two main parts: Career-Oriented Education Health-Oriented Education Career-Oriented Courses Under the career-oriented stream, VINURUDHA runs the following courses: 1. Education / Academic Arts: Class XI...

"What is a contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, and what are the essential elements of a valid contract?"

- November 10, 2025

Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872 , a contract is defined as: “An agreement enforceable by law.” — Section 2(h), Indian Contract Act, 1872 🔹 Meaning: A contract arises when two or more parties make an agreement that creates legal obligations between them. So, every contract is an agreement, but every agreement is not a contract — only those agreements which are legally enforceable become contracts. 🔹 Difference between Agreement and Contract: Basis Agreement Contract Definition Every promise or set of promises forming consideration for each other Agreement enforceable by law Legal enforceability Not necessarily enforceable Must be enforceable by law Scope Wider — includes social and moral agreements Narrower — includes only legal agreements Example Promise to go for dinner Promise to sell goods for money 🔹 Essential Elements of a Valid Contract For an agreement to become a valid contract, it must satisfy the following conditions (as per Sections 10–30 of t...

Early Theories of Origin of the Earth (प्रारंभिक सिद्धांत – पृथ्वी की उत्पत्ति)

- November 08, 2025

🌍 Early Theories of Origin of the Earth ( प्रारंभिक सिद्धांत – पृथ्वी की उत्पत्ति ) कई दार्शनिकों और वैज्ञानिकों ने पृथ्वी और सौरमंडल की उत्पत्ति को समझाने के लिए अलग-अलग विचार दिए। समय के साथ ये विचार विकसित होते गए। 1. Nebular Hypothesis (नीहारिका सिद्धांत) Given by: German philosopher Immanuel Kant (18th century) Revised by: French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace (1796) Explanation (व्याख्या): शुरुआत में सूर्य के चारों ओर गैस और धूल का बादल (nebula) था। ➤ Nebula – अंतरिक्ष में गैस (मुख्यतः हाइड्रोजन और हीलियम) और धूल का विशाल बादल। यह बादल धीरे-धीरे घूम (rotating) रहा था। घूमते-घूमते यह चपटा (disk-shaped) होने लगा। इसमें से छोटे-छोटे हिस्से अलग होकर ठंडे हुए। ये ठंडे हिस्से धीरे-धीरे ग्रह (planets) बन गए। 👉 निष्कर्ष: सूर्य पहले बना और उसके चारों ओर से पदार्थ अलग होकर ग्रह बने। 2. Modern Modifications (आधुनिक सुधार) Scientists: ...

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Vinurudha Arts & Civil Services Coaching

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History of VINURUDHA

History of VINURUDHA

"What is a contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, and what are the essential elements of a valid contract?"

Early Theories of Origin of the Earth (प्रारंभिक सिद्धांत – पृथ्वी की उत्पत्ति)

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Early Theories of Origin of the Earth (प्रारंभिक सिद्धांत – पृथ्वी की उत्पत्ति)

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History of VINURUDHA